Dai Davies, chairman of the National Farmers' Union in Wales, said he had 35 years' experience of moving cattle, but still had to pass the exam.

Most farmers transporting sheep or cattle must sit the animal welfare test before 5 January next year.

The Welsh Assembly Government said the certificate has been introduced to protect animals during transport.

Anyone using road vehicles to transport cattle, sheep, poultry or horses as part of their business will have to hold the transport certificate.

A spokeswoman for the Welsh Assembly Government said it is making assistance available to farmers to attain the competence training.